Provision of Care for Patient with HIV - 553 Words

Provision of Care for Patient with HIV: As a global epidemic, HIV has created several challenges for doctors and health care facilities since it represents an overwhelming public health crisis. While there are various factors that contribute to its spread, initiatives to combat the virus are usually influenced by the availability of human and financial resources. In the past few years, several measures have been undertaken to help curb the spread of the virus and its effects on patients. These initiatives are primarily divided into two categories i.e. provision of care to patients and treatment of the virus. One of the major ways in which HIV patients are provided with care is through policy and programming that is centered on HIV and AIDS-related care (Ogden, Esim Grown, 2006, p.333). Generally, caring for a patient with HIV needs significant time and resources, which has contributed to the shift of clinical care to the home and community. The provision of care for patient with HIV includes a series of various steps in the care continuum in the home and the community. The first step is follow-up care that is built on strong routine screening processes, which help in early identification of infected persons (â€Å"Connecting HIV Infected Patients to Care†, 2009). Regular screening contributes to early diagnosis and treatment that can considerably enhance the health of the infected patients and prevent new infections. The second step is connecting to care through properShow MoreRelatedThe American Nurses Association Code Of Ethics922 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to this case, a patient, who has not told his family that he has been living with HIV and AIDS for 14 years, has been admitted to the hospital for pneumonia. Before he fell into a coma, he disclosed to doctors that he did not want his family to know that he has HIV or AIDS. However, he does have a durable power of attorney, his brother, who has arriv ed at the hospital. Unfortunately, whether the doctor decides to uphold the patient’s request to keep the patient’s information quiet or decidesRead MorePolicies, Finance, Global Prevention Initiatives And Ethical Principles797 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Principles Implementation of the Ryan White CARE Act of 1990 assures, people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and their families access to quality treatments (Akukwe, 2001). On July 2010, President Obama announced the National HIV/AIDS Strategy to reduce HIV incidence, optimizing better health outcomes, and to reduce HIV-related instances (Department of Veterans Affairs National HIV/AIDS Strategy Operation Plan, 2011). To accomplish theseRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus And Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesconjunction with how it can be transmitted, so basically if it is highly contagious and most importantly, if any cure has been established for it. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(HIV/AIDS) is one of the most difficult epidemics to control. This is because, the HIV virus attacks the very cells designed to control and as such, can avoid exposure to treatments which is the major reason why a cure for it hasn’t been found. Owing to the lack of their knowledge of the severityRead MoreThe Impact Of Nurses And Advanced Practice Registered Nurses925 Words   |  4 Pagesare the first health care professionals that patients meet in a health care setting. The nurses have a major impact on the patients. A condition like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has a major stigma with it. In the past, the stigma of HIV/AIDS was higher among people due to the cultural, social, and religious reasons. The AIDS certified registered nurses and other nurses can help reduce the stigma towards the patients. Organizations likeRead MoreAnalyzing The Past, Present And Future Of The Congressional Attempt At The Health Care Reform1704 Words   |  7 Pagesthe health care reform. Originally presented to congress was the Health Security Act in 1993, which was not enacted until June 2014. The Health Security Act started the foundation for patient privacy and the security of an individual’s health information. As the years passed the Health Security Act became quickly outdated and needed to be updated to complement the sudden progression of current technology advances. Congress was presented the Kennedy-Kassebaum Act, which defined patient rights andRead MoreHiv Viral Suppression Of More Than 200 Copies / Ml Of Blood Is Not The Gold Standard1285 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough a HIV viral suppression of less than 200 copies/mL of blood is not the gold standard at most sites. the rate is measured via the same definition across HHS agencies and programs. This includes HRSA and its HAB (2015) under which the RWHAP Part C falls, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and CMS through â€Å"Medicaid, Medicare Physician Quality Reporting System, Physician Feedback/Quality and Resource Use Reports, [and a] Physician Value-Based Payment Modifier† (National QualityRead More The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act900 Words   |  4 PagesThe patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) is the most debatable act which was signed into law on March 23rd, 2010 by President Obama (Obamacare Bill: Full PPACA Related Laws, n.d.). According to Affordable Care Act and the IAFF (2014), PPACA has three main objectives: expand access to healthcare coverage, shield patients against illogical actions by health insurance companies, and cut healthcare costs. The United States (U.S.) is the only advanced country that spend twice as muchRead MoreThe Electronic Health Record And The Movement Toward The Digital Age1716 Words   |  7 Pagesreduce disparities of patient data of the positive HIV population. The course outcomes that my paper will address are the rules and regulations regarding privacy, confidentiality, and compliance with special attention to the HIPAA Privacy and Security rules on our local, state, federal and various regulatory agencies, a nd the enforcement authority of these agencies for patients with positive HIV. I plan to recognize the ethical issues and barriers for patients with HIV and the use of the computerizedRead MorePatients Claims Of Denial Of Services Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesPatients’ Claims of Denial of Services in Healthcare Facility The Office for Civil Rights of the U.S. Department of Health Human Services enforces federal laws that prohibit discrimination by health care and human service providers. Both Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 prohibit discrimination against qualified persons with HIV other disabilities. Section 504 prohibits discrimination by health care and human services providersRead MoreThe Importance of the Health Workforce to Health Care1353 Words   |  5 PagesWorld Health Organisation recommends a ratio of 2.3 health care workers per 1,000 populations as a minimum to meet the millennium development health goals (WHO, 2012). Uganda’s ratio currently stands at approximately 1.8/1,000 (MoH, 2011). Although this ratio represents a considerable improvement for the last 5–10 years, it is still clear that the absolute number of health care workers in Uganda is too low. In Malawi the physician to patient ratio sto od at1:16,000 (MOH, 2011). Globally, population

American Pageant Free Essays

The Eisenhower Era Korean Armistice 1 952; Eisenhower vaulted Korea shortly after winning the presidency; waited 7 months before resorting to nuclear warfare; Koreans compromised until 38th parallel Army-McCarthy Hearings 1954; McCarthy attacked the Army as Communist; Army attacked him on television for 35 days; McCarthy downfall Jim Crow Segregated blacks from whites Emmett Till 14 year old black who vacationed in Mississippi, allegedly whistled at a white woman (Carolyn Bryant was subsequently beaten, abused, and murdered then tied to a cotton glen and thrown Into a river Montgomery Bus Boycott After Rosa Parks is arrested, MILK rallies the black community to do this. This seriously hurt the bus companies. This lasted more than a year, and ended in 56 when the SC declared segregated buses unconstitutional. We will write a custom essay sample on American Pageant or any similar topic only for you Order Now Brown v. Board of Education 1951 ; (SC) Marshall argues, wins this one. Unanimous vote under the Earl Warren court that â€Å"separate but equal† is a false doctrine. Little Rock Central High School 1957; 9 black students trying to go to school needed to be defended by federal troops Southern Christian Leadership Conference MILK and nearly 100 other black ministers form this organization in 1957 to encourage nonviolent protest to provoke segregationists and win support from moderate southern whites. Although it got more blacks to support the movement, it failed to spark controversy or get white sympathy Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee Created by sit-ins; lack of patience resulted in their downfall Interstate Highway Act of 1 956 1 956; more effective; Jobs and benefits (trucking, gasoline, automobile); deprived passenger trains, decreased air quality, robbed downtowns of business due to shopping outlets First Secretary of the Soviet Union- â€Å"premier†- was in attempts to negotiate towards conciliation with Eisenhower but 13-2 scandal made such attempts void Geneva Conference After Vietnam fell to Nationalists; split Vietnam at the 17th parallel; elections 2 years later to Join them 1955; Eisenhower Khrushchev; â€Å"Open Skies†; Khrushchev thought it was an American ply for Dulles and rejected the idea Battle of Dine Been PH 1954; French corned Indochina; French asked for American support; America not involved Warsaw Pact 1955; Soviet Union reacted t o Anta’s addition of West Germany, protecting its Communist satellites Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 960; control petroleum exports; controlled Western countries Sputnik 1957; Soviets; Part I small, PART II dog displaying Soviet superiority; provided Communism with credential; maybe intercontinental ballistic missiles; created missile gap, NASA, and ENDED National Defense and Education Act 1958; increase education to compete with the Soviets; million in form of scholarships U-2 Spy plane incident The incident when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The U. S. Denied the true purpose of the plane at first, but was forced to when the U. S. S. R. Reduced the living pilot and the largely intact plane to validate their claim of being spied on aerially. The incident worsened East-West relations during the Cold War and was a great embarrassment for the United States. Fidel Castro usurped power from Batista regime by guerilla warfare, US unable to execute effective coup, became military dictator Betty Friedman Feminists who published the Feminine Mystique 1963; modern women’s rights movement to break away from suburban housewife life and to deal with struggles due to sexism United States rock singer whose many hit records and flamboyant style greatly influenced American popular music (1935-1977) Chapter 39: The Stormy Sixties John F. Kennedy The thirty-fifth United States President who represented the state of Massachusetts in the U. S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953 as a Democrat, and in the U. S. Senate from 1953 until 1961. Events during his administration include the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Space Race, the American Civil Rights Movement and early events of the Vietnam War. He was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald. â€Å"New Frontier† The campaign program advocated by JEFF in the 1960 election. He promised to revivalist the stagnant economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights. Berlin Wall In 1961, the Soviet Union built a high barrier to seal off their sector of Berlin in order to stop the flow of refugees out of the Soviet zone of Germany. The wall was torn down in 1989. Massive Retaliation† Dulles; nuclear bombs â€Å"Flexible Response† the buildup of conventional troops and weapons to allow a nation to fight a limited war without using nuclear weapons Bay of Pigs In April 1961, a group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency landed on the south ern coast of Cuba in an effort to overthrow Fidel Castro. When the invasion ended in disaster, President Kennedy took full responsibility for the failure. Cuban Missile Crisis the 1962 confrontation between US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba Freedom Riders Both black and white Americans that took to riding public transportation in the deep south to demand that the Boonton v. Virginia verdict be upheld. This resulted in many busses being attacked held in 1963 to show support for the Civil Rights Bill in Congress. Martin Luther King gave his famous â€Å"l have a dream†¦ † Speech. 250,000 people attended the rally Civil Rights Act of 1964 This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places. â€Å"Great Society’ President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education. ‘War on Poverty† Waged by Johnny’s Great Society programs that presented a classic liberal platform. Civil and voting rights acts – Public school funding?when the rich moved to the suburbs all the poverty and squalor remained in the cities, destroying the tax base which of course had negative effects on public education – Medicare and Medicaid – National endow ment for arts and humanities (PBS) – Clean air and water quality acts – Endangered species preservation act (1966) Affirmative Action policies of the government aimed at increasing access to Jobs, schooling, and opportunities to people previously discriminated against†¦ Bake vs.. Board of Regents Gulf of Tontine Resolution Congress gave up its war making powers to the President in this resolution which Johnson himself called â€Å"Grandma’s night shirt, a tool to cover everything. Medicare -available to all elderly Americans regardless of need -form of federal welfare assistance -assisted medical community because the fed paved all fees Medicaid extended federal medical assistance to welfare recipients and other indigent people of all ages Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed discrimination in the rental or purchase of homes and a broad range of other housing related transactions Passed when LB] was president, outlawed poll taxes. Freedom Summer 1964; Blacks and whites going to polling places to ensure that the law is being enforced and blacks do have the right to vote. This resulted in much violence in the south including murders, battery, etc. Malcolm X spread ideas of black nationalism. Disagreed w/ both the tactics and goals of the early civil rights movement. Minister of the nation of SIAM. Rejected his original name because it was his family’s slave name Systoles Carmichael Founder of â€Å"Black Power† â€Å"Black Power† the belief that blacks should fight back if attacked. T urged blacks to achieve economic independence by starting and supporting their own business. Domino Theory the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control opposed the Vietnam War and believed the United States should withdraw its forces from Vietnam. Hawks supported U. S. Involvement in the Vietnam War and believed America should increase military forc e to win the war. Et Offensive Et: the first day of the Vietnamese New Year -communist forces launched an enormous attack on American strongholds through- UT Vietnam -one of the first televised battles, revealed brutality of war, great effect on election of 1968 -Walter Coronate -Democrats Criticizing Johnson Chicago Democratic Convention 1968 -Tons of protesting and violence -Humphrey received nomination Counterculture Drugs are generally harmless social relaxants and as for sex, if it feels good, do it. Students for a Democratic Society Student group opposed to militarism and racism; called for â€Å"participatory democracy. † George Wallace Once governor of Alabama, a segregationist that ran as the candidate of the American Independent Party in 1968 and won five states in the South. How to cite American Pageant, Papers

Principles of Accounting Theory Free Samples-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: 1. Identify the key factor that enabled the fraud to remain undetected for such a long period of time.2. Describe and explain weaknesses in the current accounts payable function and recommend how each weakness can be addressed. Answers: 1. The key factors that enabled the fraud to remain undetected for such a long period of time within the organization JAE Limited include firstly, the credit card portfolio is generally considered as a risky portfolio and the firm mainly depended on the credit card of Wizard Finance for business purpose (Deegan and Unerman 2011). Thus, this provides scope to enable the fraud to remain undetected within the firm for longer period. Secondly, the lack of inspection within the firm regarding the use f credit cards and within the departments also leads to fraudulent activities. Thirdly, for recovery of the money no proper measure was there within the organization. Fourthly, the management should keep an account payable manager or team in order to regulate the department systematically (Wolk, Dodd and Rozycki 2013). The head of the particular department had lack of responsibility thus the firm suffered loss. Fifthly, the firm showed laxity in identifying the payment that has not been done on time. Lastly, in previous occasion when the concerned employee Steve Ray had availed various leave, no other temporary employee was appointed to take over his responsibilities for handling the department. Therefore, the fraudulent activities that were taking place in JAE Limited were not detected for such a long period of time. 2. In the company JAE Limited, there are various weaknesses in the current accounts payable function, especially, in the current account that deals with the Wizard Finance corporate account. The most important weaknesses that have been found in the particular current accounts payable function are as follows: Weaknesses Recommendation for addressing the weakness 1. Compliance with the contractual arrangements and the requirements of the regulation. JAE Limited should not allow its higher executives to use the credit card of Wizard Finance for their personal expenses. The company should be stricter about its rules and regulations (Scott 2012). 2. Maintenance and monitoring the cash flow of the company including the regular review of the balances of debit. The cash flow should be maintained and monitored at regular interval of time in order to avoid any discrepancies. 3. Viability and sustainability of the firm JAE Limited. JAE Limited should put limitation to an amount up to which an executive can spend. This will help to put bars in the expenditure amount of the firm. 4. The relationships should be maintained and the reputation of the firm JAE Limited should be built with the organization Wizard Finance. The management of JAE Limited should maintain a regular contact with its creditor Wizard Finance in order to update the financial statements and to maintain a record of total debt (Feldmann and Rupert 2012). 5. Lack of synchronization among the management, departments and also within the department of accounts payable. The co-ordination among the members of the accounts payable department should be increased (Glautier, Morris and Underdown 2011). The accounts payable manager should be more active towards his work and department and should also be more responsible towards his work. Description of the Weaknesses of the current accounts payable function: 1. Compliance with the contractual arrangements and the requirements of the regulation The organization JAE Limited should ensure about the agreements or the contractual arrangements that it has made with the organization Wizard Finance and accordingly they should follow the required regulations in order to run the business smoothly. As per the contractual arrangements, the firm JAE Limited should operate its business within the contractual boundaries and also within the requirements that have been imposed by the regulator like the norm of paying the debit on time or debt recovery costs and the late payment interest should be paid to Wizard Finance if JAE Limited pays in late (Scott 2011). However, JAE Limited was not abiding by the regulations and contractual arrangements of the organization Wizard Finance that resulted into a huge loss due to implementation of undetected fraud within the firm for a long period of time. 2. Maintenance and monitoring the cash flow of the company including the regular review of the balances of debit The management of the organization JAE Limited should monitor the cash flow of the firm at regular interval of time and should also maintain it in order to prevent any loss within the organization. Monitoring the cash flow at regular interval helps the management to get aware of any surpluses or shortfalls of cash within the firm and accordingly helps to manage them. In addition to accounts payable can provide regular reports that help the management of the organization to take decisions based on the cash flow (Devine 2012). However, this maintenance and monitoring of the cash flows of the organization JAE Limited was not present that leads the organization to suffer. 3. Viability and sustainability of the firm JAE Limited The firm JAE Limited should get ensure about the fact that they do not get affected their long term viability by taking excess debt or liability from the organization Wizard Finance. Within the firm JAE Limited, there was no limitation for using the credit card of Wizard Finance for the business purpose, there was neither any limitation regarding the numbers of times of using the credit card of Wizard Finance nor there was any limitation regarding the amount of expenditure an individual can spent. The data that is available in the accounts payable function can easily assist the department of management for monitoring the financial performance (Deegan and Unerman 2011). 4. The relationships should be maintained and the reputation of the firm JAE Limited should be built with the organization Wizard Finance The organization JAE Limited should maintain a good relationship with its creditor Wizard Finance as JAE Limited takes debt from the other firm. Generally, an accounts payable function has liaison on a regular basis with its creditor and thus it can develop relationships by discussing payment terms, invoices and timing of payments (Boateng 2013). However, in this case study, JAE Limited did not maintain a regular contact with Wizard Finance and thus the firm was unaware about its huge amount of debt. 5. Lack of synchronization among the management, departments and also within the department of accounts payable All the management departments of the organization JAE Limited had lack of synchronization. Even the head of the accounts payable department was not concerned about the fraudulent activities that were taking place in his department by the accounts payable clerk named Steve Ray. The head team members and executives were not aware of the activities performing by the clerk. This can be stated as the lack of coordination among the department itself. References Boateng, P. (2013).Principles of accounting theory. [Place of publication not identified]: Dog Ear Publishing, Llc. Deegan, C. and Unerman, J. (2011).Financial accounting theory. Maidenhead, Berkshire: McGraw Hill Education. Devine, C. (2012).Accounting theory. Routledge. Feldmann, D. and Rupert, T. (2012).Advances in accounting education. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Glautier, M., Morris, D. and Underdown, B. (2011).Accounting. Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall/Pearson. Scott, W. (2011).Financial accounting theory. Toronto, Ont.: Pearson Canada. Scott, W. (2012).Financial accounting theory. Toronto: Pearson Prentice Hall. Wolk, H., Dodd, J. and Rozycki, J. (2013).Accounting theory. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.

Project Management; computer charting

Abstract Since modern business management requires efficient information management, healthcare providers require enhancing the management of patient information. Thus the concept of computer charting emerges. This paper identifies Charting by Exception, popularly referred to as CBE, as one of the most useful modern computer charting systems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management; computer charting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Implementation of CBE is a complicated process, but can be effective undertaken through a simple project management model. As such, the paper describes CBE project implementation against the 4 D project management model. This model is preferred for its simplicity as well as ability to track project progress. Introduction Modern business management requires efficient management of information. Within the healthcare industry, the management of patient information is vital as it determines the success of healthcare provision. The need to enhance the management of information has led to the development of computer charting a concept that incorporates the use of IT based patient information management tools. Computer charting systems have a broad based primary objective; however, the overarching aim seems to be improving efficiency in documentation of patient information. This is aimed at increasing accuracy in decision making regarding the patient care. As a result, the healthcare industry accrues numerous advantages from computer charting (Keenan, Yakel, Tschannen and Mandeville, n.d.). The ever changing trends in healthcare information management require consistent changes to existing information management tools. While current computer charting systems ensure increased efficiency in patient information management, they are also time consuming since healthcare experts, especially nurses, spend a lot of time keying data in computer charting systems. This reduces the amount of time nurses spend with patients (Harrison, 2003; Huff, 2004). The need for improved computer charting systems in the healthcare industry is necessitated by the desire to reduce the time spent in documentation. This translates to more time available for nurses to provide patient care. Additionally, other than reducing charting errors and omissions, the need to reduce redundancies in management of patient information necessitates systems change. This therefore calls for the transition from the current computer charting to Charting by Exception, CBE (Jaffe, 2011). CBE is an improved version of the traditional computer charting systems already in the market. Compared to other computer charting systems, CBE offers numerous advantages to tertiary healthcare providers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other than creating a legally recognized patient data base, CBE eliminates the need for narrative documentation as it only focuses on variances or exceptional patient information. This is attained through recording information that varies from normal charting protocol. CBE uses standard information management tools such as graphs, sheets, among others. Despite being a rather complex system to implement, CBE is recommended for tertiary healthcare institutions (Jaffe, 2011). Thus, the main objective of CBE is to increase time available for nursing care by reducing documentation time, further enhancing accuracy in decision making for tertiary healthcare providers. As mentioned earlier, CBE provides additional advantages in the management of patient information for tertiary healthcare providers as compared to other computer charting systems available. Additionally, CBE is a complicated system. Therefore, its implementation needs a simple project management model. There are numerous project management models, but according to Fischer (2005), 4 D models are the most preferable since they are not only simple but also help project managers verify their project plans at both the strategic and tactical level. Additionally, 4 D models enable managers to minimize and optimize risks as well as enabling managers to follow project progress while addressing emerging opportunities for change. Project management process The 4 D model is linear and involves four sequential stages. Most projects fail due to lack of a clear project definition. As such, the 4 D model requires a clear detailed definition for the project at hand. A detailed definition for the project includes clear objectives. Additionally, project managers need to identify the desired outcomes for the projects at the definition stage (Park and Meier, 2007). As indicated earlier, the main objective of CBE is to increase time available for nurses to provide care by reducing documentation time, while further enhancing accuracy in decision making for tertiary healthcare provide rs. In line with this, the desired outcome for CBE is to limit the time used by tertiary healthcare providers during documentation. Reduced documentation time implies that nurses have extra time. Additionally, CBEs main aim is to reduce errors and thus improve decision making. To achieve the objective stipulated above requires project managers to set realizable time based goals. As such, since this involves transition to a complicated computer charting system, adequate time is needed to train nurses, manage transition, test and measure its effectiveness and correct changes before delivery. Depending on the size of institution, managers need one to two months to fully implement CBE (Jaffe, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management; computer charting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most difficult stage is the designing stage. Designing largely involves planning how the objectives are to be ach ieved. In this case, a step by step plan seems relevant (Park and Meier, 2007). Appropriate actions which culminate in the implementation of CBE are identified. Such actions mainly focus on testing CBEs viability, evaluation and feedback reporting, as well as incorporating necessary adjustments. To enable this, a project management checklist seems relevant. Such a list not only allows the manager to track the project progress but also record events. In the designing stage, a number of assumptions are made. For instance, the project manager assumes that the healthcare institution charting protocols meets State charting requirements. Additionally, the project manager assumes that nurses understand existing charting protocols. To avoid any conflict with state authorities, the manager is required to consult attorneys as well as human service representatives within that State. While planning is aligned to the objective set, the project manager needs to also estimate the cost for the enti re project. In this case, the cost for training nurses, the cost of the new system, materials needed, contingency plans, the cost incurred while testing and evaluation are factored in. A project of such magnitude involves a number of risks. It is the role of the manager to identify all the possible management and systems risks. Since CBE offers legally valid patients data, there is the risk of using such data in a lawsuit against the healthcare provider. Additionally, since CBE only records variance or exceptions from the norm, it eliminates the need for narrative data, which poses future liability risks. Moreover, time and money budgeting is done on estimates, thus the risk of cost overruns (Jaffe, 2011). Of the four stages, the actual implementation takes the longest time. The Doing it stage involves carrying out the activities according to plan (Park and Meier, 2007). This stage involves training the nurses on how to use CBE. After training, nurses gather all the standard CBE for ms in a specific location. Using a CBE checklist, nurses read each of the patient notations according to the institutions charting protocol and mark against the checklist where patient data matches the existing charting protocol. Any variances noted are recorded in narrative form and entered into the system. A resident physician is notified (Jaffe, 2011). Within the process, nurses also record the progress and challenges. Such records provide valuable feedback to the project manager. With the information provided from the feedback report, the manager leads the project management team in making a thorough review on the success of the project. The purpose of conducting a thorough review is to identify opportunities for improvement. Adjustments are made to the systems design. This provides the manager with a system fully designed to serve the unique needs of the particular healthcare institution (Park and Meier, 2007). The system is thus ready for delivery.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The delivery stage is the final phase of the project. This stage mainly involves measuring the actual outcomes against the initial objectives. The usefulness of the products is evaluated against the previous products. Thus, the manager tests whether CBE enables nurses to reduce documentation time, and whether errors and omissions are reduced. The success of the products is determined by evaluating the extent at which CBE improves decision making regarding patients care. Additionally, managers evaluates whether the time saved is spent providing patient care (Park and Meier, 2007; Jaffe, 2011). Conclusion Despite the fact that computer charting is not a new concept, new trends in information management require healthcare providers to constantly evaluate the usefulness of existing information management tools. Since traditional methods of computer charting fail to address the concept of efficient time management, CBE seems relevant especially for tertiary healthcare providers. Implemen tation of CBE is a complicated project, but the 4 D project management model significantly simplifies the process of implementation. Despite the numerous risks associated with CBE, the system accrues numerous benefits to tertiary healthcare providers. Most significantly, the system increases time available for nurses to provide care to patients, minimize errors thus enhancing decision making. Reference List Fischer, M. (2005). 4D Modeling: Applications and benefits. Web. Harrison, B. (2003). Becoming familiar with computerized charting. Web. Huff, C. (2004). Off the Chart? Web. Jaffe, S. (2011). Nursing practice skill. Web. Keenan, G., Yakel, E., Tschannen, D. and Mandeville, M.  Chapter 49. Documentation and the nurse care planning process. Web. Park, B. and Meier, R. (2007). Reality-based construction project management: constraint-based 4D simulation environment. Journal of Industrial Technology 23(1) This essay on Project Management; computer charting was written and submitted by user Adrien Mcmahon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wankers essays

Wankers essays Q.) Why is it difficult for Africans to understand themselves as persons after colonialism and post-colonialism? It was difficult for Africans to understand themselves as persons after colonialism and post-colonialism because of Islam and Christianity. In the 17th Century, followers of Islam and Christianity saw the people of Africa as, inferior and primitive and in need of change, and started to interlock their own beliefs for that of the Yoruba and other African people. Well, by the middle of the 20th Century Islam and Christianity converted almost four fifths of the Yoruba people to either religion, thus leaving their own religion and beliefs they were raised on. For example, Olodumare became God or Allah, Esu became the devil, orisas became archangels, and so on and so on. To justify the colonization of Africa for its raw materials, Europeans created a body of ideas concerning the essence of the African people. This idea was relatively called ethnology, and it thus regarded the African people, culture, history and essence as inferiority, inhumanness, backwardness, the traditional, paganism. As the Europeans thought of themselves as the highest and most civilized group of people ever to walk Gods green Earth. When pitching that scheme to a bunch of uncivilized people, who wouldnt want to convert. So, in answering the question for today of it being difficult in recognizing oneself as a person, the answer is yes. After being converted to a different religion, one would have a change in code, canon, and creed, and by about 400 years of this change, it would be quite difficult to understand oneself as a person according to the standards of your ethnical/ racial tradition. It just so happens that the Africans were so influenced by outside sources, and thus accepting them, that they forgot where they came from, what their past was, an who they were as individua ...

The most popular series for college students

The most popular series for college students Most Popular series HBO for students Are you looking for a good series to watch with your friends? Then look through the list of the best HBO series of all time. Exciting plot, perfect acting, special effects, and good company – everything you need for relaxation after classes. Just choose series that interested you most of all and plunge into the world of unforgettable experiences together with its characters. Westworld Lisa Joy, Jonathan Nolan Anthony Hopkins, Evan Rachel Wood, Ed Harris, Thandie Newton, Jimmi Simpson, Jeffrey Wright, James Marsden Westworld is an American science fiction western thriller television series. It was created by Lisa Joy and Jonathan Nolan for HBO. It is a screen remake of Michael Crichton`s 1973 film of the same name. This 10-episode series is about the evolution of sin and the artificial consciousness. The main characters reveal the dark truths about themselves and prove that it is our past experiences that form our current selves. You will see how it can be difficult sometimes to carve your own path in life. The CGI technology and creativity of Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy made each episode haunting. Girls Lena Dunham Alex Karpovsky, Lena Dunham, Adam Driver, Allison Williams, Zosia Mamet, Jemima Kirke Lena Dunham refuses to conform to identity politics in her series. Nobody will make her conform to a prevailing ideology. There are times when she protects women`s rights and there are times when she hates feminists. There are times when she is a loyal liberal and there are times when liberals want to get rid of her. Lena Dunham just tries to tell her story honestly. The experiences of her main characters reflect something that can happen with girls in real life. Bored to Death Creator: Jonathan Ames Stars: Heather Burns, Jason Schwartzman, Ted Danson, Zach Galifianakis The ridiculous misadventures of Brooklyn writer and faux detective Jonathan Ames and his friends won`t leave you indifferent. This TV series is something special for students. It keeps the most crucial moments in secret. You will find yourself in the little world of the writer who does his best and reveals his creativity to change his life. This TV adventure is really unforgettable. Sex and the City Darren Star Cynthia Nixon, Kim Cattrall, Sarah Jessica Parker, Kristin Davis The HBO television series 'Sex and the City' received an Emmy nomination for Best Comedy Series as nominations were announced in Los Angeles, July 12, 2001. Cast members shown (L-R) are Kim Cattrall, Cynthia Nixon, Kristin Davis, Sarah Jessica Parker. The Emmy Awards will be presented in Los Angeles September 16. REUTERS/Nigel Parry/HBO/Handout This TV series will definitely go down in history. â€Å"Sex and the City† remains one of the most incredible TV moments of all times. It is a loud call for agency among the marginalized women. You will plunge into the world of sexuality and romance with Samantha Jones, Miranda Hobbes, Carrie Bradshaw, and Charlotte York. They talk about their travels in life, their sexual fantasies and desires, lesbianism and love. Curb Your Enthusiasm Creator: Larry David Stars: Susie Essman, Larry David, Jeff Garlin, Cheryl Hines This TV series was HBO`s trademark comedy throughout the last decade. It was Larry David`s masterful escalation from rage to annoyance to embarrassment and the acting of his fantastic cast that made this show so incredible. The main character irritates everybody, gets into troubles, and pretends that he did nothing wrong. You will laugh throughout the show. Enlightened Creator: Mike White and Laura Dern Stars: Diane Ladd, Luke Wilson, Laura Dern, Sarah Burns â€Å"Enlightened† is one of the decade`s best TV series. It is full of hope, satisfaction, failures, and life disappointments. Amy Jellicoe tries to reinvent the world, change herself, rebuild her relationships, and approach perfection. Some life circumstances lead her to a mental breakdown. However, she is sure that she should change her life dramatically to find happiness and achieve success. The Sopranos Davis Chase Stars: Robert Iler, James Gandolfini, Tony Sirico, Lorraine Bracco, Steven Van Zandt, Edie Falco, Dominic Chianese, Michael Imperioli The remorseless killer, mob boss, goodhearted friend, loving father and husband Tony Soprano deals with professional and personal issues in his home and business. His way of life affects his mental state in a great way as he tries to balance between good and evil. This extraordinary television series will make you sure that even murderers can have some feelings, justifications, and aspirations. Game of Thrones Creator: D.B. Weiss, David Benioff Stars: Aidan Gillen, Emilia Clarke, Kit Harington, Lena Headey, Peter Dinklage, Sophie Turner, Maisie Williams, Nikolai Coster-Waldau This geopolitical drama is so epic and breathtaking that you won`t take your eyes of the screen. You will be astonished with the quick nobility of Jon Snow, the quick wit of Tyrion and Varys, the complicated redemption of Jaime, the defiant spunk of Arya, and the heartless villainy of Tywin Lannister.This series was criticized for its brutal rape scenes and gratuitousnudity, but its depiction of one of the strongest female characters on TV was something special. Insecure Creator: Larry Wilmore and Issa Rae Stars: Lisa Joyce, Jay Ellis, Issa Rae, Yvonne Orji This series is about the awkward experiences and racy tribulations of a modern African-American woman. The comedy about the misadventures of the awkward black girl tackles many important issues such as individual biases in the workplace or reckoning with institutional racism. Behind the humor the main characters try to grapple with conflicts inside and outside black culture.   Oz Tom Fontana Dean Winters, Eamonn Walker, Lee Tergesen, J.K. Simmons, Harold Perrineau, Rita Moreno, George Morfogen, Christopher Meloni, Terry Kinney, Ernie Hudson, Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, Kirk Acevedo This series is about the unpredictable stress and violence of the daily living in prison. It explores all aspects of life in a correctional facility – wars between gangs, drugs, sex, and violence. â€Å"Oz† is a nickname for this extremely controlled environment where everything is done to ease tensions among various groups of prisoners.

'Working with and Leading people' Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

'Working with and Leading people' - Assignment Example The section continues to give a definition of management and differentiates it with leadership. The report then concludes with an analysis of the leadership styles and methods of motivation that relate to the case study provided in the assignment brief. JD Sports Fashion is among the leading sports and trainer fashion retailers in the U.K, Based in Bury, Great Manchester; the retailer owns numerous retail shops all over the United Kingdom. JD Sports Fashions has recently expanded its operations to Bristol and is in the process of scouting for a store manager of the premise. Following the expansion of JD Sports Fashion operations in Bristol and the growth in business activities at the store, the company is advertising for a store manager position. We aim at attracting a talented and enthusiastic individual with vast knowledge and experience in store keeping and management The store manager will be the head of the store management team and will be responsible for the daily planning, control and maintenance of the store activities. The store manager will also ensure that the customers have access to the necessary supplies. The recruitment process adhered to the legal and regulatory framework that applies to recruitment and placement. We ensured that all the members of the interview panel were appropriately trained in the recruitment and selection techniques and were aware of the relevant employment legislation to be adhered. Data protection and freedom of information legislation were also considered during the recruitment process. The data we requested the applicants to submit was only used for the specified and lawful purposes, relevant to the employment The information obtained from the applicants was confidential. All the recruitment staff members were required not to discuss with anyone other than the Human resource and the committee members on the

Modern Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Modern Latin America - Essay Example The colonial age in the Latin world should be considered as the region’s most influential years: the laws, norms, movements and conflicts, were significantly influential in deciding the character of the land today. It is known that the Spanish people were the only prominent power that fought over the Latin world to acquire their control (Keen & Haynes, 2012). This is why they have some much influence even to the Latin world of today. As Spain’s political power was merged in the second half of the 16th century, so was its capacity to control and regulate the colonial economy. Functioning in line with the mercantilistic strictures of that era, Spain endeavored to capitalize on ventures through exporting valuable products, such as silver and later other agricultural commodities and minerals (Keen & Haynes, 2012). They also supplied the new colonial market with already manufactured goods in order to create an encouraging balance of trade for the Latin world. Nevertheless, t he strongly regulated trading dominion, based in Seville, was not always capable of providing the colonies effectively, and; therefore the Latin world later saws its independence (Edwards, 2010). This was after a number of successful fights against the Spanish army. Therefore, what changes marked the transition to independence? This paper will discuss the above question especially noting the issues of the Church, race, political legitimacy, neocolonialism, imperialism, sovereignty and national identity. Some of the three primary factors that this paper considers being the landmark of Latin America’s independence are the Catholic Church (separation of the church from the state), imperialism (a free market, the extension of public education and industrialization) and political legitimacy. Church The Church in Latin America bore the marks of its colonial and Iberian past following independence. Spain Catholics adopted a custom of strong faith, a vital doctrinal of enduring piety and knowledge (Keen & Haynes, 2012). Adherence itself was a means of knowledge because, in the Mass, people learnt the scriptures, the doctrines, as well as the secrets of the Catholic faith. Portugal broadcasted an orthodox Catholicism, as well, but with a lower degree of adherence and a less doctrinal knowledge. Everywhere, religion and faith in Latin America was a religious conviction of the citizens and the Church went to receive the observance and the admiration of the mestizos, Indians and other popular people (Edwards, 2010). Supreme groups were less devoted, and the prominent respect for the Church in the 19th century was the apostasy of the influential people, not the neglect of the masses. The Iberian convention in religion favored a well known, honored and a state-ran Church (Keen & Haynes, 2012). But, following independence, the church opted to separate itself from the states. The influential, wealthy and privileged people of the Church were perceived by the new states as an opponent focus of adherence, a source of revenue and a substitute power. The risk of state control emerged in a new form after independence (Edwards, 2010). The Church, therefore, had to look to its own assets and these, in the early 19th century, were thinning. The church was granted an advantaged position because it was also prevalent in Europe at that time. The entire region was typified by great rates of Catholicism after independence. Catholicism rates reached as high as 90% out of the entire Latin American population. Following independe

Risk management at wellfleet bank Essay Example for Free

Risk management at wellfleet bank Essay This case illustrates risk management in the world of corporate lending which is quite di? erent from the retail, subprime, and mortgage lending at the root of the recent banking turmoil. It is also interesting because Well? eet (actually, Standard Chartered PLC; ticker symbol: STAN) is one of the few banks which successfully weathered the 2007-2009 credit crisis. Chief executive Alastair Dowes has to decide if the risk governance process is adequate to uncover mega-risks in light of the current risk-assessment process and the credit decision regarding a bn loan application. Working for the Chief Credit O? cer (CCO) as a senior loan supervisor, you have been asked to assess and review the risks in the proposal and to make a credit recommendation, i. e. , whether Well? eet should accept the loan application or not. At the same time, you are worried about gray-area risk decisions and, in particular, the fact that risk-adjusted performance measurement can rarely be automated. Risk governance requires executives to strike a balance between risk modeling and qualitative business judgment—a holistic (rather than silo-based) view of risks. You are preparing either an executive memo to the CCO and CEO or a presentation to WellFleet’s credit committee. The following questions are meant to guide your analysis: 1. How much credit risk should banks take? What avenues do they have to manage credit risk ex ante and ex post? 2. Research the history of WellFleet = Standard Chartered. How well has Well? eet performed? Why and how has it avoided major problems in its orporate loan portfolio? Was the bank lucky or smart? 3. Analyze the risk management process at WellFleet Bank. What suggestions might you make to the CEO about improving the process? (a) What are the objectives of loan o? cers and supervisors, respectively? What about the risk management unit? (b) Are the incentives of line and risk management units aligned? Why or why not? (c) How would you organize origination and risk management activities? What risk factors drive the credit exposure to Gatwick? Analyze what a credit bet on Gatwick really amounts to. a) Download stock prices for pure gold-mining companies such as Barrick (ticker: ABX) and Newmont (ticker: NEM) as well as a gold prices and the SP 500. Calculate the instantaneous return Rit = ln PPit . it? 1 (b) Compute the correlation matrix for the 4 variables. How would you interpret the results? (c) Run a CAPM-type regression of the gold-miner’s return Rit on a constant, the SP 500 return Rmt the gold return Gt by OLS, i. e. , estimate the following model: Rit = ? + ? Rmt + ? Gt + ? t How would you interpret the results? What does it tell you about the credit exposure? 2 5. Calculate the Expected Loss, Economic Revenue and Economic Pro? t for both proposals. What would your decision regarding the two credit proposals be? Why? (a) What steps if any could Well? eet take to reduce its credit exposure to Gatwick? (b) What avenues are open to the bank to manage its credit exposure ex ante (before and in the lending process) and ex post (after the loan went onto its books)? 6. Given Well? eet’s new focus on large corporate deals and its need to recruit relationship managers from investment banks, what are the challenges for the risk culture of the organization, and its style of risk management in particular?

Catcher and the Rye :: essays research papers

Outline Thesis statement:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The relationship Holden and Blanche have between family and people in society leads them to an inner turmoil, which eventually results in their psychological breakdowns. I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Family A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Positive relationships in The Catcher in the Rye. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phoebe is the only person who Holden needs 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden is proud of D.B’s accomplishments 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden truly admires the personality Allie had a.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"He was two years younger than I was, but he was about fifty more times intelligent† (38). B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Positive relationships in A Streetcar Named Desire. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stella and Blanche are very close, telling each other everything 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stella takes Blanche in when she has nowhere else to stay 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blanche wants Stella to escape from Stanley a.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Animal habits! Eats like one, moves like one, talks like one!†(72) C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Negative relationships in The Catcher in the Rye. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden gets angry when his family/siblings do something he does not like 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden does not get along with his parents a.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Daddy’ll kill you†(166) 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden thinks D.B has turned into a phony D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Negative relationships in A Streetcar Named Desire. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blanche flirts with Stella’s husband, Stanley 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blanche makes fun of Stella’s lifestyle II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Society A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Role in society in The Catcher in the Rye. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden despises when people refer to him as a minor. a.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The waiter came up†¦ a Scotch and a soda for myself, but the sonuvabitch wouldn’t bring me one, so I had a Coke, too† 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden does not have and direction in his life Zago 2 B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Role in society in A Streetcar Named Desire. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blanche has no job 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blanche tries to live off of others a.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I have always had a strong dependence on the kindness of strangers† (142). 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blanche had no direction in her life C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Relationships with peers in The Catcher in the Rye. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden is infatuated with Jane a.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"She said I was wild and that I had no direction in life† (59). 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden views everyone as â€Å"phonies† 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden always gets into fights and arguments with his roommates a.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"About all I know is, I sort of miss everybody I told about. Even old Stradlater and Ackley, for instance† (214) D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Relationships with peers in A Streetcar Named Desire. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blanche plays with Mitch’s mind 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blanche lies about how old she is a.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Stella is my precious little sister. I call her little in spite of the fact she’s somewhat older then I† (55) III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inner-selves   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Alcohol problems in The Catcher in the Rye.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Holden drinks when he is upset which increases his depression   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Holden has hallucinations of pain when he drinks too much a.) â€Å"When I was really drunk, I started that stupid business with the bullet in my guts† (150)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. Holden is able to admit he has a drinking problem B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alcohol problems in A Streetcar Named Desire.

Computer Manufacturing Industry Analysis

1. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS a. Definition of the Industry The following study presents a brief analysis of the Computer and Electronic Manufacturing Industry in the USA (NAICS 334 – North American Industry Classification System) with special focus on the Personal Computer’s sub-sector. I made the decision to focus on just one of the sub-sectors due to the large scope of the general industry. Industries in the Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing subsector group establishments that manufacture computers, computer peripherals, communications equipment, and similar electronic products, and establishments that manufacture components for such products. † (Bureau of Labor Statistics) Given the previous description of the general Industry, I can now go further in the definition of the real point of study for this paper, which is the Computer Manufacturing, clustered in laptops, PC’s and servers. â€Å"This industry manufactures and/or assembles personal co mputers (PCs), laptops and servers.Operators typically purchase computer components (e. g. motherboards and graphics cards) from dedicated manufacturers in other industries† (IBIS World report 33441a, Semiconductor and Circuit Manufacturing). â€Å"This industry does not include tablet computers, nor does it include manufacturers of computer monitors, mice, keyboards and printers† (IBIS World report 33411b, Computer Peripheral Manufacturing). When covering the whole industry, â€Å"The US computer manufacturing industry includes about 1,200 companies with combined annual revenue of about $75 billion.Major companies include Dell, Hewlett-Packard, and IBM. † (Hoovers 2012) The computer manufacturing industry’s revenue is divided and measured according to each of the sub sectors that conform it. â€Å"Personal computers account for about 40 percent of industry revenue; mainframes and servers, 13 percent; and storage devices, about 10 percent. † (HOOVER S) While respecting to the sub-industry in which this paper is focused (PC’s, laptops and servers), and considering just the United States, it is conformed by 355 businesses generating annual revenue up to US$37 billion.Being the leading companies Hewlett-Packard, Dell and Apple. The total amount of units sold for the industry must be taken in consideration from the quantity of units shipped in the last year: Preliminary United States PC Vendor Unit Shipment Estimates for 4Q11 (Units) Company 4Q11 Shipments 4Q11 Market Share (%) 4Q10 Shipments 4Q10 Market Share (%) 4Q11-4Q10 Growth (%) HP 4,137,833 23. 1 5,598,619 29. 4 -26. 1 Dell 4,020,549 22. 4 4,210,000 22. 1 -4. 5 Apple 2,074,800 11. 6 1,718,400 9. 0 20. 7 Toshiba 1,925,100 10. 7 1,968,091 10. 3 -2. 2 Acer Group 1,756,838 . 8 1,982,477 10. 4 -11. 4 Others 4,014,644 22. 4 3,583,418 18. 8 12. 0 Total 17,929,764 100. 0 19,061,005 100. 0 -5. 9 Note: Data includes desk-based PCs, mobile PCs, including mini-notebooks but not m edia tablets such as the iPad.? Source: Gartner (January 2012) Comparing the studied sub-industry results with previous years, profit and revenue have been constantly decreasing and the annual growth in the last 5 years have been negative for the industry in about 5. 1%. Analysts from IBIS project that this will continue falling for the future 5 more years.Nonetheless, â€Å"The industry is capital-intensive: annual revenue per employee is about $460,000† (HOOVERS), while the whole Computer Manufacturing Industry in the US counts with approximately (in thousands) 1,099. 9 employees. b. Internal and External Analysis OPORTUNITIES -There is a growing consumer demand for PCs and tablets. -â€Å"Their rapid growth (of the market) suggests that they will become even more important to the economies of all three North American countries in the future† (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2012) -â€Å"The proliferation of cloud computing will prompt companies to increase their server investments† (IBIS 2012)THREATS -â€Å"Industry profit will continue to fall because of intense price competition† (IBIS World 2012) -â€Å"The  Computer Manufacturing industry  is being rapidly supplanted by imports, particularly from China. † (PR Web 2012) -Imports are a threat for local manufacturing revenue. â€Å"While import penetration in this industry stood at 50. 7% in 2007, imports are expected to satisfy an estimated 68. 6% of domestic demand in 2012,†Ã‚   (IBIS World 2012) -â€Å"While the emergence of new products and services will boost industry performance, US manufacturers are not expected to produce the required hardware (locally). (PR Web 2012) -â€Å"(†¦) Tablets will cut into industry revenue since they are manufactured abroad and are a competing force to domestic computer manufacturing. † (PR Web 2012) -â€Å"Computer and peripheral equipment prices fell from 2007 to 2012, and as a result, personal computer (PC) sales are estimated to generate razor-thin margins of 1. 0% in 2012. † (PR Web 2012) STRENGTHS -â€Å"The Computer Manufacturing industry operates in a highly globalized market, bringing together components that are manufactured worldwide for assembly in a single location.The concentration of computer manufacturing facilities near major ports comes as no surprise. With the widespread use of lean-manufacturing protocols, computer manufacturers heavily favor locations that minimize delays in getting products to market, not to mention shipping expenses. † (IBIS World 2012) -â€Å"Fortunately, PCs are not the only products in this industry, and industry profit, which includes computers and more profitable products, is expected to account for 3. 8% of revenue in 2012. † (PR Web 2012) WEAKNESSES The profitability of individual computer companies depends on purchasing and production efficiencies, and on technological expertise. (HOOVERS 2012) -â€Å"Computer manufacturing a nd design also require highly-educated employees† (IBIS World 2012), these are very hard to find, especially in the same area of the business offices. -â€Å"As a result of offshoring by US-based companies and increased competition from international firms, domestic manufacturing activity has declined†. (PR Web 2012) -The demand for the Computer Industry is tied to consumer and business income, so it’s very sensitive and variable. . Customer Analysis The total domestic (US) annual demand for the industry by the end of 2011 was US$62. 2 billion. â€Å"The industry's woes cannot be blamed on a lack of demand. In fact, the share of US households that owns at least one computer increased by 7. 5 percentage points from 2007 to 2012. While demand has grown, fierce competition and widespread product homogeneity (the result of computers being assembled from standardized components) have led to falling prices and profit margins† (PR Web 2012)The identified target m arkets/segments for the Computer Manufacturing Industry are the following: 1. Large corporate customers (B2B) – Big companies 2. Small and medium size businesses (B2B) – Who represent about 20% of U. S. sales 3. Individual Customers and Consumers (B2C) – Who represent about 10% of U. S. sales 4. Public sector (government and educational) customers. 3. Competitors Analysis The computer manufacturing industry is highly concentrated within its most revenue-significant businesses due to the top 50 companies are responsible of about 90 percent of the total industry’s revenue. Competition from abroad has tightened profit margins and prices on mass-market computer systems. Consequently, most of the industry's largest players operate in several related industries to diversify their revenue sources, with a particular emphasis on the highly profitable enterprise segment and Information Technology (IT) services. † Currently, Hewlett-Packard (HP) and Dell are t he largest US-based computer manufacturers, followed by Apple. The total revenue and market share of personal computers for the last year, regarding the top 3 companies in the industry is: . Hewlett Packard PC Market Share: 23. 1% Total Company Revenue (Jul 2011-Jul2012): $122. 52B 2. Dell PC Market Share: 22. 4% Total Company Revenue (Aug 2011-Aug 2012): $60. 30B 3. Apple PC Market Share: 11. 6% Total Company Revenue (Jun 2011-Jun2012): $148. 81B Brands Description: Hewlett Packard Hewlett-Packard Company and its subsidiaries provide products, technologies, software, solutions, and services to individual consumers and small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), as well as to the government, health, and education sectors worldwide.It divides in several segments according to their offerings: Personal Systems Group segment (commercial personal computers, software and services for the commercial and consumer markets), Services segment (consulting and outsourcing to businesses), Imaging and Printing Group segment (consumer and commercial), Enterprise Servers, Storage, and Networking segment (industry standard and business servers), Software segment (IT software and solutions), Financial Services segment (leasing, financing and utility programs for enterprise customers, SMBs, and other entities) and Business Intelligence Solutions.The company was founded in 1939 and is headquartered in Palo Alto, California. They serve more than 1 billion customers in more than 170 countries and have approximately 349,600 employees worldwide. HP defines its function in society like this: â€Å"We explore how technology and services can help people and companies address their problems and challenges, and realize their possibilities, aspirations and dreams. We apply new thinking and ideas to create more simple, valuable and trusted experiences with technology, continuously improving the way our customers live and work. † Hewlett-Packard HP Key Positioning: You + HP make it matt er. At HP we don’t just believe in the power of technology. We believe in the power of people when technology works for them. To help you create. To make the digital tangible. To harness the power of human information. At HP we work to make what you do matter even more. † (Hewlett-Packard) Dell Dell Inc. provides integrated technology solutions in the information technology (IT) industry worldwide. It designs, develops, manufactures, markets, sells, and supports mobility and desktop products, including notebooks, workstations, tablets, smartphones, and desktop PCs, as well as servers and networking products.The company also offers several technology solutions, systems, software and specialized services. The company sells its products and services directly through its sales representatives, telephone-based sales, and online sales; and through retailers, third-party solution providers, system integrators, and third-party resellers. It serves corporate businesses, law enfo rcement agencies, small and medium businesses, consumers, and public institutions that include government, education, and healthcare organizations. Dell Inc. was founded in 1984 and is headquartered in Round Rock, Texas.Dell describes its function in society like this: â€Å"In all we do, we’re focused on delivering solutions to enable smarter decisions and more effective outcomes so our customers can overcome obstacles, achieve their ideas and pursue their dreams. Above all, we are committed to the superior long-term value they need to grow and thrive. Dell Key Positioning: â€Å"Simple and affordable information technology for everyone† â€Å"They are focused on making information technology affordable for millions of customers around the world. As a result of direct relationships with customers.They are best positioned to simplify how customers implement and maintain information technology and deliver hardware, services, and software solutions tailored for their b usinesses and homes. † (MBA Knowledge Base 2012) Apple Apple Inc. , together with subsidiaries, designs, manufactures, and markets mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players; and sells related software, services, peripherals, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and applications worldwide.The company sells its products and services to consumers, small and mid-sized business, education, enterprise, and government customers through its retail stores, online stores, and direct sales force, as well as through third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers, and value-added resellers. As of September 24, 2011, the company had 357 retail stores, including 245 stores in the United States and 112 stores internationally. Apple Inc. was founded in 1976 and is headquartered in Cupertino, California. Apple defines its function in society like this: Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software and Internet offerings. †Ã‚  (Apple) Apple Key Positioning: Innovation leaders Competitive Advantage and Strategy of each: Apple’s â€Å"Post PC Strategy†: â€Å"They want to be the dominant operating system through your life – at home and on the move. That sounds a little geeky but it means that they want you to be so delighted with your experience on the iPhone’s operating system that you want that same experience on your tablet.After you are satisfied with that experience, you start to wonder why you are still using a PC versus a Mac or MacBook Air as your â€Å"desktop computer. †Ã‚   And then that will extend to your television. † (Forbes 2012) â€Å"Apple wants to own a generation of post-PC world users and block out their competitors until such time as they can present a higher-quality user experien ce than Apple. That might be a long time. † (Forbes 2012) â€Å"The accelerating popularity of mobile computing devices such as Apple Inc's iPad  has been eroding PC sales for years.To combat the erosion in sales to consumers, as well as dwindling margins as companies compete on price, Dell and HP have been gradually focusing more on sales to large enterprises. † (Reuters 2012) Dell’s Strategy: â€Å"Dell has been diversifying its revenue base in the face of weakened consumer demand, giving up low-margin sales to consumers and moving into higher-margin areas, such as catering to the technology needs of small and medium businesses in the public sector and the healthcare industry.The company now finds itself lagging larger rivals like HP and IBM in the race to become one-stop shops for corporate IT needs. † (Reuters 2012) HP’s Strategy: â€Å"HP today announced that it has completed its evaluation of strategic alternatives for its Personal Systems Group (PSG) and has decided the unit will remain part of the company. (†¦) PSG is a key component of HP’s strategy to deliver higher value, lasting relationships with consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses and enterprise customers.The HP board of directors is confident that PSG can drive profitable growth as part of the larger entity and accelerate solutions from other parts of HP’s business. † 4. Executive Summary After this industry analysis, we can see that the computer manufacturing industry in the US is constantly loosing revenue and market share in the world. Almost every business in this Industry (top ranked) are loosing revenue and decreasing profitability. The only company that has increased revenue and has actually grown in the last five years is Apple.For this, I would recommend Apple’s executives to maintain their actual â€Å"Post-PC† strategy because it is known that demand for PC’s is decreasing while demand for oth er similar electronics such tablets is increasing and will continue doing so in the future. I would recommend Apple, as well, to focus a little bit also in extending their portfolio of offerings by including special services and solutions in order to attend the B2B market and gain some of their competitors share in this segment too. SOURCES 1. Bureau of Labor Statistics (http://www. bls. gov/iag/tgs/iag334. htm#about) 2.NAICS CODES (http://naicscode. com/search/MoreNAICSDetail. asp? N=33411) 3. IBIS World (http://www. ibisworld. com/industry/default. aspx? indid=740) 4. Hoovers (http://www. hoovers. com/industry-facts. computer-manufacturing. 1843. html#megamenu_0. html) 5. Gartner – Newsroom (http://www. gartner. com/it/page. jsp? id=1893523) 6. PR Web – Article: â€Å"Computer Manufacturing in the US Industry Market Research Report Now Available from IBISWorld†. August 14, 2012 (http://www. prweb. com/releases/2012/8/prweb9797684. htm) 7. Research and Markets (http://www. researchandmarkets. com/reportinfo. asp? eport_id=451844=e) 8. Fox Business (http://www. foxbusiness. com/technology/2012/01/12/apple-remains-in-third-place-with-116-us-computer-market/) 9. Yahoo Finance – HP (http://finance. yahoo. com/q/ks? s=HPQ) 10. Yahoo Finance – Dell (http://finance. yahoo. com/q/pr? s=dell) 11. Yahoo Finance – Apple (http://finance. yahoo. com/q/pr? s=aapl) 12. The Wall Street Journal (http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10000872396390443862604578030391796799174. html) 13. HP Official Web Page (www. hp. com) 14. Dell Official Web Page (www. dell. com) 15. Apple Official Web Page (www. apple. com) 16. Reuters

The Effects of Technology on Teens

The Effects of Technology on Teens Modern day technological advancements are constantly seen throughout every aspect of life. Cell phones, portable Internet availability, laptop computers, iPods, mp3 players of every brand, and many other devices, are everywhere. They seem to possess unending possible detriments, but, along with such issues, technology also has positive impacts on today’s youth. In some situations, the Internet and iPod prevent sociability, though in others they may be the cause of increased social activity.Overall, modern technology has the capability to bring people together as well as enhance the social abilities of the today’s youth; however, if used without discretion, can also create a less interactive generation, frequently depending on technology for satisfaction. The immense capabilities of the Internet today are astonishing, and offer many positive opportunities for teens. Primarily, the Internet makes sharing information fast and simple, desp ite factors that in other cases would prohibit such simple distribution.According to Jean-Francois Coget in Source C, â€Å"With the Internet, information can be transmitted and received with ease at any time of the day to and from any number of friends. † It is possible to send videos, pictures, papers, projects, and a quantity of other things with the click of a button. The transfer can happen in seconds. The amazing capability of modern day Internet simplifies teenage life, by providing a way to convey knowledge. Another way in which Internet proves positive is by providing a way to keep in touch with friends and family worldwide, or just across town.Whether it’s a friend that switched schools and is never around, or a family member in London, the Internet makes it possible to email, instant message, and even video chat. Such qualities of Internet communication bring people together with more frequent contact, boosting sociability and relationships. In addition, the Internet also has the capability to, â€Å"foster openness, self-confidence, and a greater sense of ease, and comfort in dealing with others† (Source C).Since it is not obligatory to reveal physical appearance or social status over the Internet, it grants an opportunity to be a completely new person, who is entirely open and confident. Internet chats, even with mere acquaintances, can supply a chance for socially challenged teens to experience a form of social interaction, in order to create a sense of composure. Modern day Internet advancements not only offer an easier way to share information, but also contribute to sociability by providing a way to communicate with distant friends and family, as well as giving socially challenged teenagers an opportunity for interaction.Likewise, another modern day technology, the iPod, may also have a positive effect on some teenagers, by presenting a different view of the world as well as uniting individuals through musical taste. In th e eyes of Kelly Doyle-Mace, in Source D, â€Å"music deepens the experience of walking through the world, rather than detracting from it. † There are millions of songs out there, one to match every possible mood. Sometimes, turning on just the right song can be motivational and provide a completely new outlook on a certain circumstance.In addition, lyrics are often relatable to personal life and can be significant or simply encouraging. Another way in which iPods and personal musical taste is a positive effect on teens is by uniting people of different backgrounds and diversities through their music choice. Lisa and Johnny Rocket, hosts of â€Å"iPod DJ nights,† describe that one night a month they invite guests to bring their iPods to a London bar. Where they can play whatever songs they choose (Source D). â€Å"Even more diverse than the music are the members†¦ the iPod acts to bring people together,† Lisa explains (Source D).These gatherings prove that a s diverse as music can be, it is also unifying. The multitudes of people attending these parties, from every race background and belief, are united through their assorted music taste. IPods have the potential to positively affect today’s youth by matching any and every mood with music, resulting in a deeper walk through life, as well as bringing people together by means of musical interest. The alternative argument is that the Internet can be a significantly negative influence on teenagers, if overused. Constant Internet use detracts time that could be spent with friends and family.Hours wasted away typing useless messages is detrimental to personal relationships with the ones who really matter. It was discovered through a study in Pittsburgh that people who use the Internet most often are â€Å"spending less time talking with their families†¦keeping up with fewer friends† (Source B). It is of no use to spend so much time talking to people over the Internet, when one could just as easily walk down the stairs and spend time with family, or go to see friends instead. According to Source F, Internet users participate in approximately 244. minutes per day spent with friends and family, while non-Internet users spend on average 381. 6 minutes per day with friends and family. Modern day Internet opportunities are decreasing physical interaction and essential quality time. The Pittsburgh study also determined that such teens are â€Å"feeling more lonely and depressed† (Source B). Even though teenagers are simply using the Internet for â€Å"interpersonal communication,† it is causing reliance on brightly lit screens and keyboards, instead of sincere personal interactions with close friends and family members (Source B).Investing too much on Internet chats will inevitably produce a sense of deprivation, and a resulting sense of loneliness from a lack of real relationships and personal contact. Obsessive or constant use of the Internet as a social tool deprives teens from necessary relationships that are crucial to life, especially throughout high school and college, which will ultimately result in a damaging sense of loneliness and depression. Similarly, iPods, much like the Internet, become a negative influence on teenagers, when in constant use.According to a university student’s study of iPods, â€Å"the main appeal of the iPod is that it preoccupies you so you are no longer obligated to interact with the uncontrollable factors of everyday life† (Source E). IPods provide an easy escape from having to interact with strangers in a public situation; because, in just about any situation, pressing play can zone everything out. This portable instant entertainment takes away opportunities to meet new people, or just admire the surroundings and environment of a new place.Although it is a solution to boredom, there are other, more advantageous, solutions such as social interaction. Such disregard to disc overing new people and new places leads to isolation. The obvious signal iPods send out is â€Å"don’t bother trying to talk to me† (Source E). Headphones constantly blasting music often prevent conversations that could prove to be much more worthwhile. The need to continuously be surrounded by one’s own familiar environment results in countless missed opportunities for meeting new people or experiencing â€Å"natural sights and ounds† (Source E). The Internet and iPod affect today’s youth in positive ways; however, when not used in moderation, can become negative influences. Modern technologies are positive by providing simple communication, unifying diversities, and deepening the experiences of the world through music. Those same technological advancements can become highly addictive, and like all addictions, have negative consequences. Teens who are constantly engaged in using technologies become so addicted that they spend less time with loved ones, and feel lonely and depressed.Technological addiction is leading to a more isolated generation, overly dependent on technology. Modern technological advances, particularly the Internet and iPod, have many positive effects on today’s youth, yet if overused can lead to addiction, which consequently produces negative influences and over obsession. Although technology can be profitable, it must be used in moderation, as not to damage the social ability of today’s youth.

The Life, Music, and Accomplishments Of Lee Morgan

The Life, Music, and Accomplishments Of Lee Morgan Free Online Research Papers â€Å"If it wasn’t for music, this country would have blown up a long time ago, in fact, the whole world. Music is the only thing that spans across all ethnic groups and all languages. Music is the only thing that awakens the dead man and charms the savage beast. Without it, this would be a hell of a world.† -Lee Morgan, January 1972 Edward Lee Morgan, the trumpet player, composer, and band leader who was considered to be a quintessential hard-bopper, was one of the most important jazzmen of his time. In his fast paced life, he played with Dizzy Gillespie’s Big Band, Art Blakely’s Jazz Messengers, released twenty-five albums of his own on the Blue Note label, appeared as a sideman on many more, and was a leader of the Jazz and People’s Movement. Few people accomplish half as much in their lives as Lee Morgan managed to fit into his thirty-three year life. He is undoubtedly worth studying for his music, compositions, and his efforts to change the public’s perception of jazz. Lee Morgan was born on July 10, 1938 (the same year as Freddy Hubbard), in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although he was born in Philadelphia, his roots lie in the south, where both of his parents were from. Both of his parents were from large, poor families and came north to find a higher quality of life. His father was an amateur trombone player and pianist who also played organ for their church. This was important because it gave Lee a gateway to music, and it was also one of the primary factors behind his family’s strong support for his career. When Lee was thirteen years old, his sister gave him his first trumpet. He immediately began studying with his father and sister and soon after enrolled in Mastbaum High School for the Arts. Being in a vocational school enabled him to study music for half of the day as well as play in the school concert band, dance combo, and theater group. Morgan’s first private teacher was a local professional trumpet player named Hyy Wynn who played for the Philadelphia Ice Capades, but wasn’t a good influence for his students. Lee’s childhood friend, Michael La Voe, who also studied with Wynn recalled, â€Å"He would look for any excuse to light up a cigarette while he was giving a lesson†¦ Wynn was a chain smoker and would breathe out massive amounts of smoke to demonstrate the lung capacity needed to play the trumpet.† Outside of school Lee was very active in the local music scene. He began playing professionally when he was fifteen years old. He and bassist James â€Å"Spanky† Debrest led their own group which played mainly at dance clubs and fraternity parties. Lee and James also cut out of school early on Tuesdays to attend jam sessions at Ellis Jollin’s Music City. This put Lee in contact with Dizzy Gillespie and his main influence, Clifford Brown, who Lee visited frequently at his West Philadelphia home. These early contacts were crucial to the development of his career. Also of great importance was Lee’s personal record collection, which he listed in his high school yearbook as his favorite hobby. He was well versed in music from Louis Armstrong to what was current at the time, but his collection was dominated by be-bop wind players. Aside from Clifford Brown and Dizzy Gillespie, he loved Fats Navarro, and his earlier playing actually had some resemblance to Fats in the numerous grace notes, the light tone quality, and the long melodic lines both players shaped. As soon as Morgan graduated high school in 1956, he started gaining recognition as the next great jazz trumpet player. The month he graduated, Clifford Brown died in a tragic car accident, thrusting Lee into the spotlight as his successor. This happened much in the same way Cannonball Adderly was showcased after Charlie Parker passed away. That summer, after playing several engagements in Wildwood and Atlantic City, New Jersey, Lee Morgan and â€Å"Spanky† Debrest subbed with Art Blakey’s Jazz Messengers when the band arrived in Philadelphia missing a bass and trumpet player. At this point, Lee didn’t want to sign a contract, so he did not stay with the Jazz Messengers as Debrest did. Only a few months after playing with Art Blakey, Dizzy Gillespie returned from a tour of South America and hired Morgan to fill Joe Gordon’s seat in his big band. In the liner notes to ‘Lee Morgan Indeed,’ Lee states, â€Å"I’d met him a couple of ye ars before at the [music city] workshop, and he knew about me. He needed a replacement for Joe Gordon, and I needed some big band experience, so it worked out fine.† Lee played at such a level that Dizzy entrusted him to play the trumpet solo on â€Å"A Night In Tunisia,† which was one of Dizzy’s most famous compositions. Nat Hentoff, in the liner notes to ‘Leeway’ recalled, â€Å"My back was to the bandstand as the band started playing Night in Tunisia. Suddenly, a trumpet soared out of the band into a break that was so vividly brilliant and electrifying that all conversation in the room stopped and those of us who were gesturing were frozen with our hands outstretched.† Although joining Dizzy’s band prevented him from attending Julliard, to which he was accepted, no one would disagree that Lee Morgan was a student of music. In the period between his joining of Dizzy Gillespie’s Orchestra and rejoining the Jazz Messengers in 1958 (a span of approximately fifteen months), Lee was on over forty recording sessions. Although many of these were with Dizzy’s band and as a sideman, six of them were with his own group. As a sideman Lee was playing with Hank Mobley, Donald Byrd, Johnny Griffin, Clifford Jordan, Jimmy Smith, John Coltrane, and Tina Brooks. Out of all these recordings, John Coltrane’s ‘Blue Train sessions’ stood out the most because it served as a middle ground between his Clifford Brown influence and the development of his own style. Lee’s eight bar solo break on â€Å"Locomotion,† (example one of the Selected Lee Morgan Excerpts) a twelve bar blues with an eight bar bridge, demonstrates a line similar to one Clifford Brown might play. It has the same constant flow of information, similar punchy articulation, and similar angularity Clifford Brow n used in his playing. He also â€Å"digs† into the time, which is something Brown started. It is also worth noting that the fourth bar in Lee’s second chorus sounds similar to the beginning of the second chorus on Clifford Brown’s â€Å"Joy Spring.† Lee Morgan’s recordings as a bandleader during this period demonstrate his search for an individual sound, although they do not feature his original compositions. It was not until he rejoined Art Blakey’s Jazz Messengers that Lee was truly able to reach an individual artistic statement. Although there were still ties to his influences, at that point he reached his individual style, which he maintained and built on throughout his career without making any dramatic changes. A strong example of his style is the title track of the album, ‘Moanin’ (example 2 of the Selected Lee Morgan Excerpts). It displays his bold, acrobatic, blues-oriented style that essentially defined hard-bop trumpet. He started the solo energetically, in the upper register of the trumpet, while using a lot of space in the first six bars. In the eighth bar Lee presented a motif involving an offbeat, sixteenth note triplet figure, which was based around the simple blues scale and reappeared several times in the solo, with slight rhythmic variations. This solo was also a textbook example of the nuances Lee incorporated into his playing. He frequently used grace notes to build intensity at the beginning and ending of phrases as shown in bars one, three, and fifteen, and sixteen. He also tended to use half valve effects, smears, and staccato notes to accentuate his intense feeling of time. He stayed with the Jazz Messengers until 1961 and recorded on twenty-nine different sessions with the band. He played with tenor saxophonists Benny Golson and Hank Mobley. Eventually trombonist Curtis Fuller was added to the group, and in 1959, Lee convinced Art Blakey to hire Wayne Shorter as the tenor saxophonist. Due to an unfortunate heroin addiction, Lee was forced to leave the group in 1961 because he had become unreliable and his playing began to suffer. He was replaced by Freddy Hubbard. Morgan went back to Philadelphia until 1963 and appeared on few records in this period. He had such a low profile in New York during this two year struggle that one radio announcer thought he had died and held a Lee Morgan tribute that Lee happened to be listening to. He did play a handful of engagements with Jimmy Heath between 1962 and 1963. These performances are interesting because it is the first time Lee played with â€Å"Spanky† Debrest since they subbed in the Jazz Messengers. When Lee Morgan returned to New York in the winter of 1963, he recorded ‘The Sidewinder.’ The title track of this album became his largest commercial success, reaching the top twenty-five on RB billboards. This annoyed Lee because he only recorded the track as ‘filler’ to take up space on the album. The album itself is of great importance to Lee Morgan’s career and to the development of jazz. This recording acted as the spark plug for a new style of music which fused jazz with soul. After recording ‘The Sidewinder’ he went briefly back on the road with Art Blakey but returned to New York to pursue his commercial success. It is important to note that before ‘The Sidewinder,’ almost none of the songs used on Lee Morgan’s albums were his original compositions. However, from this recording on he generally featured his own compositions, which explored the fusion of jazz with soul, in a hard-bop setting. In 1965 Lee Morgan recorded ‘Corn Bread,’ another landmark album for his career. On this album was what is considered to be his finest composition, ‘Ceora.† It is a relatively slow, thirty-two bar (ABAB), bossa nova, with a pretty piano introduction played by Herbie Hancock. The melody of ‘Ceora’ bears resemblance to the standard, â€Å"If Someone Had Told Me.† Lee plays an incredibly lyrical solo that is brilliantly constructed (example 3 of the Selected Lee Morgan Excerpts). He simply outlines the changes while managing to build passionate lines that dig deep into the pocket of the time. Although Lee Morgan continued to preserve the hard-bop tradition throughout his career, his music got progressively more experimental as he grew older. The biggest changes were in the instrumentations he was writing for. In 1969, he hired Bennie Maupin as a woodwind doubler to play tenor saxophone, flute, and bass clarinet. He also started using electric guitar, bass guitar, piano, and organ to achieve different effects. Some of his compositions leaned towards a more modal harmonic structure, but he was never able to fully abandon his blues-focused hard bop style. The biggest problems he ran into in the last phase of his life (outside of a continued struggle with drug addiction) were his tone quality, range, and endurance, which became dramatically worse with time. One factor was that Lee always played unusually loud in his earlier years, which led to the deterioration of his chops. Another obvious problem was his drug use, which left him in a constant state of exhaustion. He eventually reached the point where he fell asleep in the most unusual places, such as pool tables. His girlfriend at the time, Helen Moore (who eventually became his common-law wife), helped him to reestablish himself, and in 1970 he put a band together for the first time in two years. He recorded the album, ‘Live at the Lighthouse,’ at full playing capacity. Equally as important as his playing in the latter part of his career was Lee Morgan’s active involvement in attempting to make the public aware of jazz. Lee was not only a prolific improviser and composer but also an articulate and intelligent person who wanted to see all good music viewed equally. He understood that the media’s view of jazz was a dark, greed-driven social problem that needed to be changed. Michael Bourne wrote in the last interview of Lee Morgan: To Morgan, this dilemma was two-fold, or rather two-faced: lack of respect, and a lack of proportion black American art and the general American culture. Regarding the first lack, Morgan condemned indifference toward music, reinforced by media tokenism, specifically the over exploitation of Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong as representative jazz personalities. The media viewed jazz as too hard to sell and covered up the problem by hiring a few black musicians to play in the show’s house bands and occasionally bringing famous jazz musicians such as Armstrong and Ellington to play with the house bands. This gave the viewers the false perception that jazz was still an important part of American culture. Lee didn’t resent pop artists for being successful; the movement he helped to lead stood for the exact opposite- they wanted jazz to have equal exposure to the American culture. One method Lee used was through the Jazz and People’s Movement, which included renowned jazz artist Rahsaan Roland Kirk. One action this group took was interrupting talk show tapings, which got an immediate response from host Merv Griffin, who offered both of their bands spots on his show in order to quiet them down. In an interview Lee Morgan gave account of his response, â€Å"I told him, I couldn’t care less if he ever had me on; In fact I would insist on not going on, at least not at first, because right away, people got so pessimistic that not only the public, but the musicians as well thought we were just out there thinking about ourselves. I don’t care if you never show me! Put Dizzy on, Horace Silver, Sonny Rollins, McCoy Tyner, Blue Mitchel, Herbie Hancock- Put somebody on!† Unfortunately, before any substantial results were achieved, the J.P.M. and its protest against the medias’ ignorance and indifference towards jazz artists lost mo mentum in 1971 Before Lee could find another approach to solving this dilemma, he was tragically murdered. Regardless of its lack of success, it is important to be aware of this protest because it shows the ignorance that jazz artists are constantly facing. Because of the controversy it created, it is of some importance to mention how Lee Morgan died. Early in the morning, on February 19, 1972, Lee Morgan was playing at Slugs in New York City. Earlier that night, Lee asked his wife Helen Moore to bring him his gun, because he was afraid of a drug deal that was going to happen. Moore arrived at the club but left soon after. At some point after midnight, she unexpectedly returned to the club, and found Lee sitting at the bar in-between sets with another woman. During the argument that immediately followed, Moore managed to shoot Lee Morgan in the head. He died instantly at thirty-three years old. The loss of Lee Morgan was a tragedy to the jazz community. He added numerous songs to the jazz repertoire, was a prolific performer and composer, and was an important activist in improving the music world. The impact of his music and life lives on and continues to shape modern perspectives on jazz. Biography- Lee Morgan. Blue Note Records. 2007. Apr. 2007 . Blumenthal, Bob. Liner Notes. Rev. of The Complete Blue Note Lee Morgan 50’s Sessions. 13-2. Bourne, Michael. Lee Morgan the Last Interview. Down Beat May 1996: 38-39. James, Michael. Morgan, Lee. Grove Music Online. 2007. Oxford UP. 13 Apr. 2007 . Lee Morgan: Jazz Can Be Sold. Down Beat 9 Feb. 1970. Down Beat. Mar.-Apr. 2007. Lee Morgan Catalog. Apr. 2007 . Lee Morgan. Shout.Net. 25 Apr. 2006. Apr. 2007 . McMillan, Jeff. Delightfulee : the Life and Music of Lee Morgan Diss. Institute of Jazz Studies, Rutgers Newark, 2000. Morgan, Edward L. Jazz Encyclopedia Questionare. Shuster, Fred. When Your Chops are Shot. Down Beat Oct. 1995. Mar.-Apr. 2007 . Uberall, Bernard. The Music of Lee Morgan. Performed by the Whit Williams Sextet. Glenarden Community Center, MD. 19 July 1997. Woody Shaw: Trumpet in Bloom. Down Beat. Apr. 2007. Research Papers on The Life, Music, and Accomplishments Of Lee MorganHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyStandardized TestingTrailblazing by Eric AndersonThe Hockey GameBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use